The loss of a free flap is a feared complication for both the surgeon and the
patient. Early recognition of vascular compromise has been shown to provide the best
chance for flap salvage.

Agustin Cornejo, M.D.,1,2 Thomas Rodriguez, M.S.,1,2 Megan Steigelman, M.D.,2
Stacy Stephenson, M.D.,1,2 David Sahar, M.D.,1,2 Stephen M. Cohn, M.D.,2
Joel E. Michalek, Ph.D.,3 and Howard T. Wang, M.D.1,2

Change In Skin Saturation Over Time with Arterial Occlusion Measured with T-Stat

The use of the T-Stat gives earlier warning signs when time is most critical in the success of saving a compromised free flap.

When measurements are taken throughout the body the results are not always predic- tive, nor reliable. The skin is very sensitive to the surrounding environment and is not a reliable way to monitor tissue saturation. Monitoring in the brain gives results that are not reproducible and do not provide an early warning. However, if measurements are taken in the GI tract, there is the benefit of early diagnosis.

The contribution of capillary, venous and arterial blood in the oxygen saturation reported by the T-Stat VLS Tissue Oximeter

S Friedland, R Soetikno, V Gowra and G Singh, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304

Reflectance Spectrometry As Intraoperative Assesment Of Perfusion In Colorectal Anastomosis : A Feasibility Study

J Surg Res. 2006 Nov;136(1):19-24.

Continuous gastrointestinal mucosal oximetry during endovascular procedures carrying risk of ischemia

SL Wang, DY Sze, MD Dake, S Friedland, DA Benaron, and MK Razavi Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA

Now there is a new noninvasive way to continuously monitor your patient with the T-Stat VLS (Visible Light Spectroscopy) Tissue Oximeter.

Tracey VanVliet RN CCRP, Samuel Hanke MD, Catherine, D. Krawczeski MD
Loma Linda University Medical Center, Presented at ASA 2010

Mucosal saturation determined by visible light spectroscopy (StO2) may measure tissue perfusion, which may be useful during anesthesia.

Regional Tissue Oxygen Saturation in an Animal Model of Global and Regional Oxygen Delivery Insults

Our medical devices build upon state-of-the-art optical molecular technologies to speed diagnosis, reduce complications, and lower costs.

This neonatal case shows how pulse and tissue oximetry co-vary as perfusion changes.

When measurements are taken throughout the body the results are not always predic- tive, nor reliable. The skin is very sensitive to the surrounding environment and is not a reliable way to monitor tissue saturation. Monitoring in the brain gives results that are not reproducible and do not provide an early warning. However, if measurements are taken in the GI tract, there is the benefit of early diagnosis.

The T-Stat® Microvascular Tissue Oximeter provides a continuous, noninvasive measurement of the microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation, sensitive to reduced-flow or no-flow ischemia, as demonstrated in peer-reviewed human clinical studies. 

Visible light spectroscopy (VLS) is a real-time, quantitative monitor of tissue ischemia. We used VLS to detect tissue oxygenation in CPB.

Abstract A - 1513

This case data shows somatic (esophageal) and cranial (internal carotid distribution) saturation monitored during in a neonatal piglet model during acute hemorrhage. 

2004 Jun;100(6):1469-75.

This case data shows esophageal saturation via T-Stat® Sto2 on an infant with cardiac failure due to ventricular aneurysm, admitted from the Delivery Room, dusky and floppy.

Anesthesiology. 2004;100(6):1469-1475.

This case report compares T-Stat® Sto2 as measured in the oral cavity (buccal mucosa), and INVOS® rSo2 as measured on the forehead, during cardiac repair with cardiac standstill.

Anesthesiology. 2004 Jun;100(6):1469-75.

Tracey VanVliet RN CCRP, Samuel Hanke MD, Catherine, D. Krawczeski MD
Loma Linda University Medical Center, Presented at ASA 2010

Mucosal saturation determined by visible light spectroscopy (StO2) may measure tissue perfusion, which may be useful during anesthesia.

Visual light spectroscopy reflects flow-related changes in brain oxygenation during regional low-flow perfusion and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

1308 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery ● December 2006

2004 Jun;100(6):1469-75.

First Clinical Experiences with Non-Pulsatile Optical Diffusion Tissue Oximetry during Cardiopulmonary 

October 11 – 15, 2003 Anesthesiology 2003; 99: A558

Use of T-Stat to predict colonic ischemia during and after endovascular aneurysm repair: A case report

© 2008 by The Society for Vascular Surgery. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.09.037

Esophageal saturation during antegrade cerebral perfusion: a preliminary report using visible light spectroscopy

2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Pediatric Anesthesia, 16, 1133–1137

Intraoperative Colon Mucosal Oxygen Saturation Can Predict and Possibly Prevent Colon Ischemia During Aortic Aneurysm Repair

(Rev 05.06.13) Accepted For Presentation at ASA 2005

First Clinical Experiences with Non-Pulsatile Optical Diffusion Tissue Oximetry during Cardiopulmonary 

October 11 – 15, 2003 Anesthesiology 2003; 99: A558

Visual light spectroscopy reflects flow-related changes in brain oxygenation during regional low-flow perfusion and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Volume 132, Number 6 1307

Visible Light Spectroscopy Correlates with Controlled Abdominal Aortic Flow During Regional Low Flow Perfusion 

RK Reimer, C Ramamoorthy, G Amir, FL Hanley, VM Reddy Departments of Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA

S Friedland, R Soetikno, V Gowra and G Singh, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304

The T-Stat® Microvascular Tissue Oximeter provides a continuous, noninvasive measurement of the microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation, sensitive to reduced-flow or no-flow ischemia, as demonstrated in peer-reviewed human clinical studies. 

J Surg Res. 2006 Nov;136(1):19-24.

To explore sensitivity of Visible Light  Spectroscopy (VLS) to detection of local  

gastrointestinal tumors.

Shai Friedland, Department of Gastroenterolgy, Stanford University School of Medicine,  Palo Alto, CA

Anesthesiology. 2004 Jun;100(6):14697

The T-Stat® Microvascular Tissue Oximeter provides a continuous, noninvasive measurement of the microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation, sensitive to reduced-flow or no-flow ischemia, as demonstrated in peer-reviewed human clinical studies.